{"id":1291,"date":"2025-08-08T13:36:55","date_gmt":"2025-08-08T13:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/?p=1291"},"modified":"2026-07-17T10:37:18","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T10:37:18","slug":"cosmology-cosmo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/cosmology-cosmo\/","title":{"rendered":"Cosmology (COSMO)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Academic Team<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Asignaturas-master-18-scaled.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Asignaturas m\u00e1ster (18)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; url=&#8221;http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/aknebe\/&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Asignaturas-master-51-scaled.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Asignaturas m\u00e1ster (51)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/members.ift.uam-csic.es\/savvas.nesseris\/&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Course Content<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Type: Compulsory\u2013 PEC&amp;AC Track \u2013 2nd Trimeste<\/strong>r<\/p>\n<p>This course provides a comprehensive introduction to modern cosmology, covering the theoretical framework, observational evidence, and open questions about the origin, evolution, and large-scale structure of the Universe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Main Topics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cosmological principles and the Friedmann\u2013Lema\u00eetre\u2013Robertson\u2013Walker models.<\/li>\n<li>Thermal history of the Universe: from the hot Big Bang to the matter and radiation eras.<\/li>\n<li>Inflation and the generation of cosmic perturbations.<\/li>\n<li>Baryogenesis and Big Bang nucleosynthesis.<\/li>\n<li>Cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure formation.<\/li>\n<li>Formation of the first stars and galaxies.<\/li>\n<li>Observational cosmology: distance measurements, standard candles, and large surveys.<\/li>\n<li>Gravitational waves in cosmology.<\/li>\n<li>Computational methods for simulating cosmic evolution.<\/li>\n<li>Open problems: dark matter, dark energy, and alternatives to the standard model.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<strong>Skills Acquired<\/strong>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Interpret and apply theoretical models of cosmic evolution.<\/li>\n<li>Relate observational data to cosmological parameters.<\/li>\n<li>Analyze the interplay between theory, simulations, and astronomical observations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<strong>Lecture notes<\/strong>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/00Introduction.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/01History+Principles.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">History &amp; Principles<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/02FriedmannModels.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Models<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/03ThermalHistory.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Thermal History of the Universe<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/04BBN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Big Bang Nucleosynthesis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/05Inflation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inflation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/06GIperturbations+Baryogenesis.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gauge Invariant Perturbations + Baryogenesis<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/08CMB-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Observations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/08CMB-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Theory<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/09LSS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cosmic Dawn:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/10CosmicDawn.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The First Stars &amp; Galaxies<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Observational Cosmology:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/11Observations-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The distance ladder<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/11Observations-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CMB &amp; surveys<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/12GravitationalWaves.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gravitational Waves<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/13ComputationalCosmology.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Computational Cosmology<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Open Problems in Cosmology:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/14OpenProblems-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The CDM crisis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/14OpenProblems-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alternative gravity<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Supplementary notes on\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/05Inflation-JGB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inflation<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/06GIperturbations-JGB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GIP<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/07Baryogenesis-JGB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Baryogenesis<\/a>\u00a0by Juan Garcia-Bellido<\/li>\n<li>Annotated notes created by MSc students from the year 2020\/21 can be found under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/links.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Links<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f1de09&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;10px|10px|10px|10px|false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Note: All the course information is available on its <a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/index.html\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Course Outline<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Asignaturas-master-21-3-scaled.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Asignaturas m\u00e1ster (21)&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1DhexcaUyPa1067BLGDvMt6Y0O_yWnawt\/view?pli=1&#8243; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;50%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;50px||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Course Schedule<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Asignaturas-master-20-4-scaled.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Asignaturas m\u00e1ster (20)&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1gBVYrmoa_h-aJf5hgEKDUXzWvRECN2ea\/view&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;50%&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Academic TeamCourse ContentType: Compulsory\u2013 PEC&amp;AC Track \u2013 2nd Trimester This course provides a comprehensive introduction to modern cosmology, covering the theoretical framework, observational evidence, and open questions about the origin, evolution, and large-scale structure of the Universe. Main Topics Cosmological principles and the Friedmann\u2013Lema\u00eetre\u2013Robertson\u2013Walker models. Thermal history of the Universe: from the hot Big Bang [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Academic Team<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"lightbox\":{\"enabled\":false},\"id\":1412,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"custom\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/aknebe\/\"><img src=\"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Asignaturas-master-18-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1412\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"lightbox\":{\"enabled\":false},\"id\":1523,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"custom\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/members.ift.uam-csic.es\/savvas.nesseris\/\"><img src=\"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Asignaturas-master-51-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1523\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:group {\"layout\":{\"type\":\"constrained\"}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Course Content<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Type: Compulsory\u2013 PEC&amp;AC Track \u2013 2nd Trimeste<\/strong>r<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This course provides a comprehensive introduction to modern cosmology, covering the theoretical framework, observational evidence, and open questions about the origin, evolution, and large-scale structure of the Universe.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Main Topics<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Cosmological principles and the Friedmann\u2013Lema\u00eetre\u2013Robertson\u2013Walker models.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Thermal history of the Universe: from the hot Big Bang to the matter and radiation eras.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Inflation and the generation of cosmic perturbations.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Baryogenesis and Big Bang nucleosynthesis.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure formation.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Formation of the first stars and galaxies.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Observational cosmology: distance measurements, standard candles, and large surveys.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Gravitational waves in cosmology.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Computational methods for simulating cosmic evolution.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Open problems: dark matter, dark energy, and alternatives to the standard model.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Skills Acquired<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Interpret and apply theoretical models of cosmic evolution.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Relate observational data to cosmological parameters.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Analyze the interplay between theory, simulations, and astronomical observations.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lecture notes<\/strong><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/00Introduction.pdf\">Introduction<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/01History+Principles.pdf\">History &amp; Principles<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/02FriedmannModels.pdf\">Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Models<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/03ThermalHistory.pdf\">The Thermal History of the Universe<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/04BBN.pdf\">Big Bang Nucleosynthesis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/05Inflation.pdf\">Inflation<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/06GIperturbations+Baryogenesis.pdf\">Gauge Invariant Perturbations + Baryogenesis<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/08CMB-1.pdf\">observations<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/08CMB-2.pdf\">theory<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/09LSS.pdf\">The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cosmic Dawn:&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/10CosmicDawn.pdf\">The First Stars &amp; Galaxies<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Observational Cosmology:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/11Observations-1.pdf\">the distance ladder<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/11Observations-2.pdf\">CMB &amp; surveys<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/12GravitationalWaves.pdf\">Gravitational Waves<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/13ComputationalCosmology.pdf\">Computational Cosmology<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u2022&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Open Problems in Cosmology:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/14OpenProblems-1.pdf\">the CDM crisis<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/14OpenProblems-2.pdf\">alternative gravity<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>- supplementary notes on&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/05Inflation-JGB.pdf\">Inflation<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/06GIperturbations-JGB.pdf\">GIP<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/files\/07Baryogenesis-JGB.pdf\">Baryogenesis<\/a>&nbsp;by Juan Garcia-Bellido<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>- annotated notes created by MSc students from the year 2020\/21 can be found under&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/links.html\">Links<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:group -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"style\":{\"elements\":{\"link\":{\"color\":{\"text\":\"var:preset|color|dark-gray\"}}},\"color\":{\"background\":\"#f1de09\"}},\"textColor\":\"dark-gray\"} -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-dark-gray-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color:#f1de09\">Note: All the course information is available on its <a href=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/index.html\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"http:\/\/popia.ft.uam.es\/Cosmology\/index.html\">website<\/a>.<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teaching Plan Information<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"lightbox\":{\"enabled\":false},\"id\":1470,\"width\":\"402px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"custom\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1DhexcaUyPa1067BLGDvMt6Y0O_yWnawt\/view?usp=drive_link\"><img src=\"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Asignaturas-master-21-3-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1470\" style=\"width:402px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Course Schedule<br><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"lightbox\":{\"enabled\":false},\"id\":1471,\"width\":\"402px\",\"height\":\"auto\",\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"custom\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1gBVYrmoa_h-aJf5hgEKDUXzWvRECN2ea\/view?usp=drive_link\"><img src=\"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Asignaturas-master-20-4-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1471\" style=\"width:402px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1A9sAQdsDmyDm9nx3G7N9ZQEJW9CKE9Uf\/view?usp=drive_link\"><\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-common-courses","category-compulsory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1291"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2364,"href":"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1291\/revisions\/2364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projects.ift.uam-csic.es\/master\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}